Plagues in World History by John Aberth

Plagues in World History by John Aberth

Author:John Aberth [Aberth, John]
Language: eng
Format: epub, mobi
Tags: ISBN 9780742557055 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 9781442207967 (electronic), Rowman & Littlefield, History
ISBN: 9780742557055
Google: w7DjsEFo0fEC
Amazon: 0742557065
Barnesnoble: 0742557065
Goodreads: 10360844
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Published: 2011-01-16T05:00:00+00:00


Introduction

1. This identification seems to have first emerged in the seventeenth century and then became more definite at the turn of the twentieth century when the Third Pandemic sparked concerted scientific study of the disease. See Lawrence I. Conrad, “Plague in the Early Medieval Near East” (PhD diss., Princeton University, 1981), 41.

2. Michael W. Dols, The Black Death in the Middle East (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1977), 315. Comparable terminology can be found in Arabic and Hebrew.

3. E. Fuller Torrey and Robert H. Yolken, Beasts of the Earth: Animals, Humans, and Disease (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2005), 15–20, 28–30.

4. Torrey and Yolken, Beasts of the Earth, 38–43, 49–52; William H. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples, updated ed. (New York: Anchor Books, 1998), 54–93; Robert Sallares, The Ecology of the Ancient Greek World (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1991), 227–44.

5. McNeill, Plagues and Peoples, 62, 84–92; Sheldon Watts, Disease and Medicine in World History (New York: Routledge, 2003), 56.

6. Watts, Disease and Medicine in World History, 16.

7. Donald R. Hopkins, “Ramses V: Earliest Known Victim?” World Health Organization, May 1980, at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/WH_5_1980_p22.pdf (accessed June 24, 2010).

8. Kenneth F. Kiple, The Cambridge World History of Human Disease (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 345–47.

9. A variety of words in the original Hebrew were used in the Bible when referring to disease epidemics. See Conrad, “Plague,” 43–44.

185

186 y Notes to Pages 4–9

10. James Orr, “Plague,” Bible History Online, at www.bible-history.com/isbe/P/

PLAGUE (accessed June 24, 2010).

11. Conrad, “Plague,” 42–63.

12. Jo N. Hays, Epidemics and Pandemics: Their Impacts on Human History (Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC–CLIO, 2005), 5.

13. Kiple, Cambridge World History of Human Disease, 408–9.

14. Kiple, Cambridge World History of Human Disease, 347–53; Carol Benedict, Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth-Century China (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), 101–5.

15. Kiple, Cambridge World History of Human Disease, 263–69, 347–53, 373–75, 390–92, 409–12.

16. For discussions of the issues involved, see J. C. F. Poole and A. J. Holladay, “Thucydides and the Plague of Athens,” Classical Quarterly 29 (1979): 282–300; Sallares, Ecology of the Ancient Greek World, 245–46; and James Longrigg, “Epidemic, Ideas and Classical Athenian Society,” in Epidemics and Ideas: Essays on the Historical Perception of Pestilence, ed. T. Ranger and P. Slack, 21–44 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 33–36.

17. For works that attempt to identify the Plague of Athens with a specific disease, see those cited in Conrad, “Plague,” 64n59, to which should be added the article by James Longrigg, “The Great Plague of Athens,” History of Science 18 (1980): 209–25, and Sallares, Ecology of the Ancient Greek World, 244–51. Discussion of the Plague of Athens as smallpox will be resumed in chapter 2.

18. Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War, II:53, available in English translation by R. Crawley (London: Longmans, Green, 1874).

19. Sallares, Ecology of the Ancient Greek World, 246; Longrigg, “Epidemic,” 41–43.

20. Longrigg, “Epidemic,” 32–33.

21. See, for example, J. V. A. Fine, The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983), 464; McNeill, Plagues and Peoples, 121; D. Kagan, The Peloponnesian War (New



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